Phenotypic Characterization and Association Analysis of Morphological Traits in Diverse Rice Genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

This study evaluates the morphological traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and their interrelationships using Pearson correlation coefficients. Morphological traits are critical for understanding genetic diversity and guiding breeding applications. Strong positive correlations, such as between leaf auricle and collar presence or panicle awn presence and length, emphasize linked traits that can be targeted together for improvement, while moderate and negative correlations reveal potential trade-offs and complementary traits for selection. The independence of traits like sterile lemma color and node coloration offers flexibility in breeding without affecting other characteristics. Cluster 1, with its unique morphological traits, provides a source of genetic diversity and resilience, while Cluster 2 represents genotypes with moderate similarity, ideal for enhancing adaptability and yield potential through crossbreeding. Cluster 3, comprising widely cultivated genotypes, serves as a stable genetic base for maintaining high yield and disease resistance, and Cluster 4, with its specialty traits like aroma and stress tolerance, offers opportunities for developing premium rice varieties.