Chemical Characterisation of Shea Nut (Vitelaria paradoxa) Kernel oil from High-producer Trees in the Tchôlogo Region, Ivory Coast

Abstract

Aims: The aim of the study was to determine the chemical characteristics of the oil from the kernel of shea nuts from high-producer trees in the Tchôlogo region, with a view to proposing appropriate ways of adding value. Study Design: Eight composite nut samples were analysed. These are: large ellipsoid tchologo (LELT); large spheroid tchologo (LSPT); large oblong tchologo (LOBT); large ovoid tchologo (LOVT); thin ovoid tchologo (MOVT); thin spheroid tchologo (MSPT); thin ellipsoid tchologo (MELT); thin oblong tchologo (MOBT). Place and Duration of Study: University of Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, from September 2024 to January 2025. Methodology: The work consisted of determining the oil content, saponification, iodine, acid and peroxide indices, the main fatty acids and vitamins A.D.E.K of the oil obtained from shea nuts. Results: The results showed that the shea nut kernel oil content of the 8 samples ranged from 40.83% to 50.03%. Shea nut kernel oil contains a high level of unsaturated fatty acids, with high proportions of linolenic acid (21.23% to 39.34%) and high saponification values (216.11% to 291.35%). The oils are also rich in vitamins A and D Conclusion: These oils are of lesser quality for food use because they contain a high level of free fatty acids, resulting in high acid values. The almond oil in the MOVT sample has a high saponification value and is suitable for making soap.