Optimized Nanosponges for Topical Delivery of Posaconazole: A Promising Approach for Enhanced Antifungal Therapy

Abstract

Aim: To enhance the topical delivery of posaconazole (PCZ) through the development of a nanosponge-based hydrogel system. Objective: To formulate and evaluate a Carbopol 934-based hydrogel containing optimized nanosponge (F6) for improved drug encapsulation, sustained release, and antifungal efficacy. Methods: The optimized nanosponge formulation (F6) was incorporated into a Carbopol 934 hydrogel. The resulting system was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Physicochemical evaluations including pH, viscosity, and in vitro drug release were performed. The results were compared with a hydrogel formulation containing pure PCZ. Results: FTIR and DSC confirmed successful encapsulation of PCZ within the nanosponge matrix without chemical incompatibility. SEM analysis showed uniform nanosponge distribution. The nanosponge-loaded hydrogel exhibited suitable pH and viscosity for topical application and demonstrated significantly improved sustained drug release compared to the pure PCZ hydrogel. Conclusion: The nanosponge-based hydrogel system offers a promising approach for enhancing the topical delivery of PCZ. It showed improved drug retention, reduced dosing frequency, and potential for enhanced patient compliance, making it a suitable candidate for treating fungal skin infections.