Optimization of Agronomic Practices in Spinach Beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. bengalensis) under Protected Conditions

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to standardise agronomic management practices for spinach beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. bengalensis) under protected conditions. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial randomised block design with three replications during the Rabi season under protected (rain-shelter) conditions. Spacing, nutrient management and number of harvests were evaluated as treatment factors. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala Agricultural University, from October 2019 to January 2020. Methodology: Treatments comprised two spacings (s₁: 20 cm × 10 cm; s₂: 30 cm × 10 cm), two nutrient-management practices (n₁: inorganic sources; n₂: organic sources) and three harvest schedules (h₁: four; h₂: five; h₃: six). Growth attributes and leaf yield were recorded, and the data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: A spacing of 30 cm × 10 cm produced a greater number of leaves, leaf area and leaf yield per plant, whereas 20 cm × 10 cm resulted in a higher leaf area index and leaf yield per 10 m². Inorganic nutrition produced the highest leaf area, leaf area index and leaf yield. Six harvests also produced the greatest values for these parameters. The combination of 20 cm × 10 cm spacing, inorganic nutrition and six harvests recorded the highest leaf yield (17.76 kg 10 m⁻²) and benefit–cost ratio (1.84). Conclusion: Under the tested rain-shelter conditions, 20 cm × 10 cm spacing, inorganic nutrient sources and six harvests provided the highest yield and profitability.