Literature Review on History and Pharmacotherapy of Parkinson`s Disease

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by: Pill rolling tremors, Akathisia (inability to sit still), Rigidity, Kinesis (akinesia, dyskinesia), Instable (stooped) posture, no arm swinging in rhythm with legs, Sialorrhea Oculogyric crisiseyes are held fixed for a variable length of time), Nervous depression, Involuntary tremors, Seborrhoea and Masked facial expression. Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder with an estimated prevalence of 31 to 328 per 100,000 people worldwide. It is estimated that more than 1 percent of the population over age 65 are afflicted with Parkinson’s disease; incidence and prevalence increase with age. There are numerous unanswered questions regarding the diagnosis and management of Parkinson’s disease. Surgical treatment for Parkinson’s disease is generally considered for patients who respond to medications but have intolerable side effects. Surgical options include ablative procedures, deep brain stimulation, and tissue transplantation. This review focused on History and management of Parkinson’s disease. The purpose of this literature review is to gain an understanding of the existing research relevant to history and pharmacotherapy of Parkinson’s disease. Conclusion: Pharmacological treatment of PD should be tailored to the individual patient. Drug therapy is not obligatory in early PD; many patients can be managed for a time with exercise and lifestyle interventions. For patients with mild symptoms, MAO-B inhibitors, amantadine, or (in younger patients) anticholinergics are reasonable choices.