Endotyping Cellular and Humoral Cross-reactivity among Canine, Feline, and Swine Allergens in Patients with Allergic Multimorbidity

Abstract

Background: The cat-pork syndrome and the cross-reactivity between cat dander and dog dander are particular situations associated with the allergic multimorbidity phenotypes. The perception of this cross-reactivity must benefit the allergist dealing with these conditions. Aim: To evaluate the capacity of the Tube Titration of Precipitins (TTP) and the Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Test (LAIT) to discriminate cellular and humoral immunoreactivity against cat fur and dog fur extracts as well as pork meat extract in patients with non–IgE-mediated multimorbidity phenotypes. Study Design: We examined retrospectively the medical charts of two cohorts of patients clinically diagnosed with non–IgE-mediated multimorbidity allergic phenotypes related to inhalation or contact with cat fur, dog fur, and/or consumption of pork meat, who were investigated with the help of TTP or LAIT. Methodology: The correlation between the paired assays was calculated using Pearson's methodology and demonstrated by dispersion graphs. Results: Pearson's correlation indicated a significant positive relationship between the cat fur and dog fur extracts in LAIT results: r (98) = 0.395, p-value < 0.001. The paired-t test indicated a significant difference between the TTP results of cat fur and pork meat extracts (p-value = 0.009). Pearson correlation analysis indicated a non-significant, negative relationship between the TTP results of cat fur and pork meat (p-value = 0.644). The paired t-test indicated a significant difference between the TTP results of dog fur and pork meat extracts (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The preliminary results suggest that the TTP and LAIT may discriminate between diverse humoral and cellular immunoreactivity levels in patients with various allergic phenotypes, as observed in cat and dog fur and pork meat extracts. A significant association was found between the immunoreactivity of cat fur and dog fur. There was no clear association between pork meat and fur immunoreactivity.