Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Ectopic Pregnancy among Women of Reproductive Age in Abia State, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Ectopic pregnancy remains a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding how women perceive this condition is essential for strengthening prevention, early detection and timely care. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and perception of ectopic pregnancy among women of reproductive age in Abia State, Nigeria. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, from July 2023 to June 2025. A total of 406 women aged 15 to 49 years were recruited using a systematic random sampling method. Data were collected with a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire that covered sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive history, knowledge, attitudes and perceptions. Descriptive statistics summarised key variables. Chi-square tests and t-tests examined bivariate associations, while multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of good knowledge and positive attitudes. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Results: Participants had a mean age of 29.74 years. Most had a tertiary education and were married. Overall, knowledge about ectopic pregnancy was modest, with 37.19% showing good knowledge. Fair and poor knowledge accounted for 35.22% and 27.59% respectively. Attitudes toward early care seeking and prevention were generally positive. Perception findings revealed that a considerable proportion attributed ectopic pregnancy to spiritual causes and curses, while some believed in herbal treatment. Hospitals were the preferred first point of care for most respondents. Correlation analysis showed weak relationships between knowledge, attitude and perception. Education and sociodemographic factors demonstrated limited predictive value for knowledge or attitude outcomes. Conclusion: Women of reproductive age in Abia State demonstrated moderate awareness of ectopic pregnancy, though misconceptions and culturally influenced beliefs persist. Positive attitudes toward early detection and hospital care were encouraging, yet gaps in accurate understanding highlight the need for targeted community education and culturally sensitive counselling. Strengthening reproductive health awareness could promote earlier help-seeking and reduce preventable complications.