Identification and Management of Postharvest Pathogens in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Using Low-Cost Botanical Treatments and Affordable Storage Solutions in Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract

Problem Statement: Postharvest losses of tomatoes in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remain alarmingly high, reaching up to 50% in some regions, due to fungal and bacterial pathogens, poor handling practices, and inadequate storage infrastructure. Aims: This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on major tomato postharvest pathogens, evaluate conventional and emerging control strategies, and highlight the potential of integrating locally available botanicals with low-cost storage solutions to reduce postharvest losses. Methodology: The review evaluates major tomato postharvest pathogens, conventional and emerging control strategies, and the potential of integrating botanicals (such as neem, garlic, ginger, clove, and African basil) with low-cost storage solutions (like evaporative coolers, hermetic storage, and solar-powered cold chains). Results: Evidence suggests that botanicals possess strong antifungal properties, while innovations in storage technologies can extend shelf life under SSA's challenging climatic conditions. However, critical gaps remain in region-specific pathogen profiling, socio-economic adoption studies, and integrated field validation of combined botanical–storage systems. Conclusion: An integrated, farmer-oriented framework that combines botanicals and low-cost storage solutions holds promise for reducing postharvest tomato losses, enhancing food security, improving farmer income, and promoting sustainable, climate-resilient postharvest management in SSA.