Diversity of Fungi and Bacteria Associated with Respiratory Infections among Commercial Bank Tellers in South-Eastern Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Fungi - associated respiratory Infections are serious health challenges that have become inextricably linked with handling of paper currencies in some countries of the world Dermici et al., [1]. Given the quantity of Old-worn-out and mutilated Naira notes in circulation, and other prevailing circumstances in Nigerian banking halls, study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence and spread of fungi -associated respiratory infections among tellers from selected commercial Banks in South-Eastern Nigeria. Methods: A total of 504 Cash Bank Tellers; 196 Males and 308 females aged 25 – 48years (mean age 32.4 years) were evaluated for Fungi-associated infections using Sputum and Nasal secretions-smear Microscopy and Culture simultaneously. Twenty-Seven bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus (12), Streptococcus Pneumonia (7) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (8) were tested for their antibiogram Results: One hundred and fifty-nine (31.5%) of the 504 Bank Cash Tellers were diagnosed of respiratory infections due to Aspergillus Sp. (13.5%), Candida albicans (5.8%), Candida tropicalis 6(.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (2.4%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1.6%), and Nocardia Sp. (0.6%). The yield of micro-pathogens appeared to rise from 18.8% to 55.6% as duration of currency note handling increased from ≤ 6months to 43 – 48 months respectively. Analysis of the differences of the Micro-Pathogens isolated among tellers from Bulk Rooms (42.9%) and those from open Halls (20.2%) was statistically significant (X2cal=68.3) P < 0.05. Forty-eight (88.9%), 26(123.8%), 41(44.6%) and 43(113.2%) Strains of micro-pathogens were isolated from Tellers who indicated with history of respiratory infections, smoking only, alcohol consumption only and smoking/alcohol consumption respectively. The proportions of the micro-pathogens isolated are shown in the Table 1, with Aspergillus sp. yield appearing highest. The antibiogram of the 27 strains of bacteria isolated in the study appeared relatively high; 92.6% for Ofloxacin and 66.7% for Gentamycin, while Streptomycin, Erythromycin, Cephalexin, Ampiclox, and Chloramphenicol responded poorly. Conclusion: The micro-pathogens isolated from this study are important agents of respiratory infections. The relatively high proportions (31.6%) of micro-pathogens isolated may serve as relevant indication that most Nigerian Currency notes in circulation are old, worn-out, mutilated, and are contaminated with micro-pathogens commonly linked with serious public health problems.