Anticancer and Antibacterial Activities of Polysaccharides Production from Radish (Raphanus sativus) and Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Seeds in vitro

Abstract

The present study was designed for investigate anticancer and antibacterial activities of the isolated polysaccharides from Radish (Raphanus sativus) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds (RPS and LPS respectively) against 4 carcinoma cell lines (HCT-116, HEPG2, HELA and MCF7).and 4 bacterial cells (S. aureus, E. coli), B. subtilis and MRSA) in vitro. Radish and lettuce seeds were used for polysaccharides production (RPS and LPS respectively) using hot water extraction, yielded the maximum contents RPS and LPS (16.80 and 14.40 g/100g respectively). Chromatographic analysis of the obtained RPS and LPS revealed the presence of different constituens of monosaccharides. In vitro cytotoxicity test showed both RPS and LPS exhibited anticancer activity against colon (HCT-116), liver (HEPG2), cervical (HELA) and breast (MCF7) cancer cells in vitro, indicating anticarcinogenic properties, have direct effect on cancer cells. A marked reduction sffect in IC50 values of RPS and LPS (6.40 to 22.40 μg/ml respectively) was observed against HCT-116, HEPG2, HELA and MCF7. RPS showed higher effective on growth inhibition of HCT-116 and HELLA than that of HEPG2 and MCF7. LPS exhibited higher cytotoxic activities against HCT-116 and MCF7 cells with IC50 8.80 and 6.80 μg/ml respectively than that of HEPG2 and HELLA with IC50 18.40 and 22.40 μg/ml. respectively. Antibacterial activity (ABA) of RPS and LPS against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and (MRSA) was estimated at different concentrations using agar diffusion method in vitro. Result demonstrates the higher killing effects of RPS and LPS against S. aureus, E. coli, B subtilis and MRSA were observed at 10% concentration within 24 hours. Inhibition zone diameters exhibited different levels of decreases with the RPS and LPS concentration decreases. Lower concentration of RPS and LPS produced lower inhibitory activity against S. aureus B. subtilis E. coli and MRSA. Results showed higher ABA of RPS and LPS against S. aureus and E. coli than that of B. subtilis and MRSA. Moreover, results indicated both RPS and LPS have ABA against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterium at 10% concentration. According to the present results, the obtained RPS and LPS are consider an important sources of antibacterial agents for treatment of infectious diseases with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The most findings of the present study are the produced many types of inexpensive polysaccharides, have shown beneficial effects on some cancer types and infectious diseases. Moreover, different percentages of monosaccharides in each PS responsible for different bioactivities including anticancer activity against different carcinoma cell lines, indicates these seeds could be used as food, food purposes, pharmaceutical and drugs for treatment of different diseases including cancer and infectious diseases.