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Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Activities of Stembark Extract of Mammea africana

Jude E. Okokon, Elvis Edet, Uchechukwu Loveth Iyanyi, Nwakaego O. Ebong, Martin Osita Anagboso, Imoh Imeh Johhny

Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · pp. 21–30 · Published 3 Apr 2024

10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i5374

Abstract

Mammea africana, a medicinal plant, used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of malaria, diabetes, poisoning and inflammatory diseases was investigated for cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa. Onion bulbs were exposed to 2.5 mg/mL, 5mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL concentrations of the stembark extract for macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Tap water was used as a negative control and Methotrexate (0.1 mg/mL) as a positive control. There was statistically significant (p< 0.05) inhibition of root growth depending on concentration by the extract when compared with the negative control group. All the tested concentrations of the extract were observed to have cytotoxic effect on cell division in A. cepa. When compared to the control group, the extract-induced chromosomal abnormalities and micronuclei (MNC) forms in A. cepa root tip cells were substantial (p<0.05). Further inducing cell death, ghost cells, membrane damage, and binucleated cells was the extract treatment. These findings imply that the phytochemical components of Mammea africana root extract exert their cytotoxic and genotoxic actions on A. cepa.

Mammea africana genotoxicity cytotoxicity Allium cepa

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