Genetic Variability and Breeding Potential for Yield and Quality Enhancement in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Abstract

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) displays notable genetic variability in morpho-physiological traits among its genotypes, with polygenic control influencing key characteristics such as kernel yield and dry matter production. Significant phenotypic and genotypic variations exist, with higher phenotypic coefficients suggesting environmental influences on traits like pod and kernel counts. This information is valuable for breeders aiming to mitigate environmental influences while enhancing genetic potential. High heritability for yield-related traits indicates additive gene action's role, crucial for breeding efforts. This is particularly encouraging for groundnut breeding, as it suggests that selection for improved yield traits can be effective in future breeding programs. In terms of seed quality, groundnut genotypes show variability in traits such as seed size, oil, and protein content. These traits, controlled by both maternal and nuclear genetics, exhibit correlations that offer potential for simultaneous improvement. The identification of superior genotypes, especially those with high oleic acid content, is promising for enhancing oil quality and crop improvement. The high oleic acid trait is highly desirable for oil quality and has the potential to meet the growing demand for healthier edible oils, thus offering promising prospects for crop improvement. Overall, understanding these traits is vital for developing groundnut varieties with improved yield and quality characteristics.