Bioactive Analysis of Anthocleista vogelii Leaves for Therapeutic Potential in Haemolytic Anaemia

Abstract

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the proximate and mineral composition and identify bioactive compounds in the methanol leaf extract of Anthocleista vogelii using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS analysis), with a focus on its potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The study also sought to highlight the plant's therapeutic potential, particularly in mitigating oxidative stress and supporting erythropoiesis. Study Design: Plant leaf samples were collected and authenticated at the herbarium, followed by drying and processing of the leaves for proximate, mineral, and (GC-MS) analysis. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. The leaves were harvested and analyzed within a period of three weeks, starting from the time of collection and drying to the completion of extraction and analysis. Methodology: The study employed a quantitative experimental design aimed at analyzing the proximate and mineral composition and bioactive compounds in Anthocleista vogelii leaves using standard analytical methods. Results: Proximate analysis revealed high nitrogen-free extract (44.44 ± 1.09 %), crude protein (15.14 ± 1.18 %), ether extract (14.77 ± 0.44 %), moisture content (11.93 ± 1.30 %), ash content (8.30 ± 1.26 %), and crude fibre (5.40 ± 0.53 %) while mineral analysis indicated significant concentration of potassium (18.35 ppm), sodium (9.52 ppm), and selenium (1.33 ppm). GC-MS identified compounds such as Vitamin E, catechol, and n-hexadecanoic acid with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The identified bioactive compounds exhibit synergistic effects, contributing to the extract's therapeutic potential. Selenium and zinc were highlighted for their roles in mitigating oxidative stress and supporting erythropoiesis. Anthocleista vogelii leaf extract is a rich source of bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, and therapeutic properties. Conclusion: The findings support its traditional use in managing oxidative stress-related conditions and provide a foundation for further pharmacological studies.