Factors Influencing the Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women in Flood-prone and Non-flood-prone Communities in Rivers State, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Nutritional status during pregnancy is relevant to maternal health, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) offers a practical assessment measure. This study examined factors associated with MUAC-based nutritional status among pregnant women attending primary healthcare facilities in selected flood-prone and non-flood-prone communities in Rivers State, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in four local government areas. Multistage sampling was used, with a target of 400 pregnant women; 368 completed the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 92%. Data were obtained using a researcher-developed questionnaire, MUAC measurements and haemoglobin assessments. Questionnaire reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha (0.83). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. Results: Of the 368 participants, 187 were categorized as having adequate MUAC-based nutritional status and 181 as having inadequate status according to the categories reported in the results table. Nutritional status was associated with haemoglobin level (p = 0.002), education (p < 0.001), occupation (p = 0.026) and pregnancy trimester (p = 0.036). Patterns also differed by family income. Participants with mild anaemia and those in their third trimester accounted for substantial proportions of the inadequate nutritional status group. Conclusion: Maternal nutritional status was associated with selected biological and socioeconomic characteristics. Regular antenatal haemoglobin assessment and nutrition support responsive to educational and economic circumstances may help address the identified needs.