Evaluation of Integrated Nutrient Management Approaches on Phenological Development and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The study comprised eight treatments combining different rates of chemical fertilizers (RDF), farm yard manure (FYM), and bio-fertilizers (PSB) in a randomized block design. Morphological characteristics, including plant height, number of tillers, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation, were significantly influenced by the integrated application of nutrients. The treatment T6 100% RDF + farm yard manure@1t/ha + PSB showed superior performance in growth parameters and yield attributes. This integrated approach enhanced nutrient availability, improved soil physical properties, and increased biological activity, resulting in better crop performance. Economic analysis revealed higher net returns and benefit-cost ratio under integrated nutrient management compared to sole application of chemical fertilizers. The study demonstrates that judicious integration of organic, inorganic, and bio-fertilizers can optimize wheat productivity while maintaining soil health and ensuring economic viability.