Evaluating Farmers’ Groundwater Conservation Constraints Using Quantitative Ranking Tools

Abstract

Despite possessing substantial freshwater reserves, India is facing a severe and escalating water crisis, particularly in the agricultural sector, which consumes nearly 85% of the nation’s total water resources. This study systematically investigates the barriers to the adoption of groundwater conservation practices among farmers. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were gathered from 180 farmers in water-intensive regions using structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Two analytical tools: Garrett’s Ranking Technique and the Rank-Based Quotient (RBQ) method, were used to prioritize the constraints as perceived by the respondents. The analysis revealed critical challenges across five domains: demographic and livelihood-related factors, technological accessibility, ecological and resource constraints, economic limitations, and governance support. Key barriers included inter-generational knowledge gaps (RBQ 93.19), dependence on traditional irrigation methods (Garrett score 71.50), market volatility (Garrett score 68.50), erratic climatic conditions, and insufficient policy incentives (RBQ 91.60). The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated policy reforms, strengthened agricultural extension services, and farmer-centric support systems to facilitate sustainable groundwater management in Indian agriculture.