Ethnobotanical and Floristic Investigations of Datura Species in Mali

Abstract

Aims: This work aimed to investigate the floristic composition and the different medicinal uses of Datura species in addition to people perceptions about them. Place and Duration of Study: The floristic study has been conducted in three sites located in the region of Sikasso (Mali) during October, 2019. The ethnobotanical one was carried out in five zones located in different regions of Mali in order to register the maximum of relevant information about Datura’s therapeutic virtues. Methodology: A floristic and ethnobotanical investigation on Datura species was carried out based on a stratified probabilistic sampling plan. The free consent and the availability of the respondents was an important criterion during the ethnobotanical survey. Besides, the characteristic parameters of floristic diversity and relative frequencies were calculated based on literature formula. Results: The floristic survey allowed to register three species of Datura: D. stramonium (65.38%), D. innoxia (19.23%) et de D. ferox (15.38%). Around these species, 148 plants belonging to 39 species divided in 32 genus and 18 families. Herbaceous represented 94.87% of these inventoried species. With high coefficients of similarity (Cs>50%), we noted an identical floristic diversity inside the three sites. Moreover, Tousseguela had the highest specific diversity index (1.21). The ethnobotanical survey targeted 118 people in five 5 localities with about 77% of men. If 50% of them found Datura to be useful, 50% considered it to be useful with distrust or dangerous. The data showed that the local populations use Datura in the treatment of many diseases; the most cited were dermatosis (16.98%) and swelling (14.15%). The leaves (93.83%) and seeds (14.81%) were the most exploited organs mainly in the form of decoction (61.18%) and by oral route, massage (15.66%) and bath (13.25%). Conclusion: These results reveal the floristic richness of Datura genus and its associated species.