Ginkgo biloba Mitigates Aluminum Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Ginkgo is a large tree with fan-shaped leaves. The leaves are often orally taken by individuals with memory deficits such as Alzheimer's disease and to improve blood flow to the brain in older people. Aim of the Study: We evaluated the protective effects of Ginkgo biloba against aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced neurotoxicity Study Design: Eighty male albino rats were divided into four main groups (n = 20 per group) and provided with varying doses and combinations of AlCl3 and/or Ginkgo biloba (GB) in drinking water, DW. The treatments were administrated daily for 12 weeks. Results: Ginkgo biloba extract caused a significant increase in brain neurotransmitters contents [Norepinephrine (NE), Serotonin (5-HT) and Dopamine (DA)] of intoxicated adult male albino rats. The plant extract also improved aluminum induced disruption of tissue architecture and significantly reduced DNA damage as indicated by reduction in different comet assay parameters in the brain of intoxicated rats during the entire experimental period. Conclusions: Gingko biloba has protective effects against aluminum-induced neurotoxicity. Its mechanisms of action appears to be mediated by increasing monoamine neurotransmitter synthesis, and improving the integrity of DNA and tissue architecture in the brain.