Effect of Vermicompost on Soil Properties, Plant Growth and Environmental Sustainability: A Review

Abstract

Vermicomposting, the process of converting organic waste into nutrient-rich compost through the activity of earthworms, has emerged as a promising solution to improve soil health, enhance agricultural productivity, and promote environmental sustainability. This review paper explores the effects of different doses of vermicompost on soil properties, plant growth and environmental sustainability. The application of vermicompost at varying dosages influences several soil characteristics, including nutrient availability, water retention, soil structure, and microbial activity, ultimately impacting plant growth and crop yields. Studies indicate that moderate doses of vermicompost often result in enhanced soil fertility and plant performance, while excessive application may lead to nutrient imbalances or phytotoxicity. Furthermore, vermicompost offers several environmental benefits, such as carbon sequestration, reduced dependence on synthetic fertilizers, and improved waste management. This review synthesizes findings from various studies to determine optimal dosages for specific soil types and crops, highlighting the need for region-specific guidelines. The review also identifies key research gaps and suggests directions for future studies, including long-term field trials and exploration of microbial interactions within vermicomposted soils. Ultimately, the findings emphasize the importance of balancing vermicompost doses to maximize both agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability.