Inhibitory Effects of Datura innoxia Mill Extracts on Two Enzymes Involved in the Control of Diabetes and Inflammation

Abstract

Aims: This work aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of Datura innoxia Mill leaf and root extracts on two enzymes involved in the control of diabetes and inflammation. Study Design:  The α-amylase and trypsin are two key enzymes involved in the regulation of diabetes and inflammation. Inhibiting the activity of these two enzymes is one of the keys to managing the diabetes and inflammation. Place and Duration of Study: The leaves and roots of D. innoxia were harvested at Safo, village located in the commune of Kati, Region of Koulikoro, Mali in January 2022. Experimental studies were conducted at the Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Natural Substances (LBASNa), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FST), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (Mali) from February to September 2022.  Methodology: The phytochemical composition of the extracts was performed based on classical qualitative methods. The colorimetric method was used to determine the anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts using the amylase and trypsin inhibition test, respectively. The statistical tests employed Minitab software. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds. The inhibitory potential against α-amylase and trypsin varied according to the extract concentrations and plant parts (p-value < .05). The hydroethanolic extracts exhibited more significantly α-amylase inhibitory activities than the ethyl acetate and aqueous ones. The leaves were more active than roots. With the extract concentrations tested (20 to 640 µg/mL), the inhibition rates ranged from 12.98±0.56 to 89.65±4.18% against amylase and from 2.70±0.43 to 75.19±3.54% against trypsin. The concentrations inhibiting 50% (IC50) of enzyme activity were 182.22±20.12 to 323.27±7.01 µg/mL for α-amylase and 333.86±10.38 to 461.25±27.41 µg/mL for trypsin. These registered potential inhibitors of amylase and trypsin conferred on these extracts the ability to modulate the diabetes and inflammation, respectively. Conclusion: These data show that D. innoxia extracts would possess hypoglycemic and anti-proteolytic potential. Therefore, the species are hopeful for the conception of phytomedicines using its hydroethanolic leaf extracts to contribute to the traditional management of diabetes and inflammation in Mali.