Determination by GC/MS and ¹³C NMR of the Major Chemical Groups and Compounds in the Essential Oil from the Roots of Cyperus rotundus L. from Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract

Exploring local essential oils is a crucial step for valorizing Ivorian biodiversity and for developing pharmacological and industrial applications adapted to the regional context. This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from fresh roots of Cyperus rotundus from Daloa (Côte d’Ivoire) using GC–MS and ¹³C NMR. The extraction and analysis of the essential oil were carried out using several pieces of equipment. For the analysis of the essential oil from the roots of Cyperus rotundus, the techniques used were carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The extraction yield was 0.36 ± 0.02%. Analyses revealed a predominance of monoterpenes, mainly β-pinene (22.8%), trans-4-thujanol (14.7%), and α-pinene (4.7%), in contrast with most profiles reported in the literature, which are often dominated by sesquiterpenes. This particular chemotype suggests a high potential for antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory       activities and opens perspectives for innovative therapeutic and agro-food applications. This study highlights the importance of regional chemical characterization of essential oils, an essential prerequisite for their industrial valorization and the establishment of sustainable production chains in Côte d’Ivoire.