Effect of Sodium Cyanide Exposure on Renal Parameters of New Zealand White Rabbit

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess effect of chronic exposure of sodium cyanide on renal parameters of New Zealand White Rabbit. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Animal House, Applied and Environmental Biology Department, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, between April, 2020 and November 2020. Methodology: Twenty-four (24) rabbits used for this study were divided into two major groups (control and experiment) with four rabbits in each group. The animals in control group were given water and feed only while others in experiment group were given 10ml of 0.05mg sodium cyanide daily for 30, 60 and 90 days respectively. Cardiac blood samples were extracted from the rabbits using standard procedure. The following renal function parameters were determined; electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-), urea, creatinine and Kidney InjuryMolecule-1(KIM-1). Histological examination of kidney tissue was also carried out. Data were expressed as mean ± Standard Deviation. Statistical differences between groups were computed using Graph pad prism 7.0 version. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significance between groups was taken at p< 0.05. Results: Renal function parameters results showed significant (p<0.05) increase in levels of electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-), urea, creatinine and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) in 30 days, 60 days and 90 days respectively as compared to control. Histological examination revealed significant changes on 30 days, 60 days and 90 days respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that exposure to 0.05 mg/kg sodium cyanide may cause alteration of renal function parameters due to its toxic effect on the kidney tissues as evidenced by the histological examination.