Cutaneous Manifestations of COVID-19

Abstract

Although the pathogenesis of the newly discovered 2019 coronavirus disease is still unknown, it has several extrapulmonary manifestations, such as cutaneous lesions. Among those who took Covid, the American Academy of Dermatology reports that 22.2% of patients had morbilliform or pernio-like rashes; 17.8% had papulosquamous purpura; 16.8% had macular erythema, and 7.8% had retiform purpura. According to the available information, around 450 patients with (COVID-19) infectious disease have developed a variety of skin lesions. While it's understandable that dermatology consultations have been scarce during this pandemic and that the primary focus has been on systemic manifestations of covid, it's also far from surprising that cutaneous lesions have gone undiagnosed. The patient's ages ranged from 2 months to 75 years (The condition is most commonly encountered in elderly persons).  Cutaneous symptoms are less common in India. According to reports compiled from various sources, skin lesions are more common in Albinos, Scandinavians, and Caucasians than in Indians, Mongolians, and Africans. On the other hand, skin lesions were more prevalent during India's second COVID-19 wave (most likely due to an increment in the number of people affected). Patients with a mild form of the disease were more likely to have pernio-like lesions, while critically ill patients only had retiform-purpura (those who required ventilator support and were on the verge of organ failure). Individuals with COVID-19 have been found to have urticarial rash, erythematous/morbilliform rash, papulovesicular exanthem, chilblain-like patterns, livedo reticularis, and purpuric-vasculitic patterns, among other dermatological issues. Chilblains and the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS) in children (2-15 years) are also skin manifestations of (COVID-19), which are more commonly seen in the UK and Western Europe. During the second wave, there were two cases of a multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with chilblains in India.  Covid-19 cutaneous presentations occur in 0.2% to 19.4% of people, but the frequency and timing are difficult to pin down. There is also a variable degree of association between the severity of the illness and specific skin manifestations.