Chemical and Sensory Properties of Biscuits Produced from wheat, Soybean and Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato

Abstract

Biscuit was produced from blends of wheat, soybeans and orange flesh sweet potato (OFSP) flour at different ratios: CFA (100:0:0), CFB (90:10:0), CFC (90:0:10), CFD (85:10:5), CFE (80:10:10) and F (70:15:15). Standard methods were used in raw material preparation. The biscuits produced were subjected to physical, proximate, minerals, vitamins and sensory evaluation. The inclusion of soybeans and OFSP flour in the blends increased the weight, diameter and spread ratio of biscuit with value ranged of 7.76 – 10.42 (g), 0.78 – 0.89 (cm), 6.41- 6.6 (cm) and 7.2 – 8.25 for weight, thickness, diameter and spread ratio and respectively. The moisture content, crude protein, crude fat increased with level of soybean and OFSP flour inclusion in the blend. Values ranged from 2.68 - 8.72%, 13.25 - 19.43%, 20.40 - 24.45%, 1.83 - 2.64%, 0.12 - 0.51% and 46.28 - 61.18% for moisture, protein, fat content, ash, fibre and carbohydrate respectively. The inclusion of soybeans and OFSP flour in the blends significantly (p<0.05) increased the mineral and vitamin content of flour blends biscuit. The calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, zinc and manganese content ranged from 118.22 – 161.75 mg/100 g, 171.09 – 480.32 mg/100 g, 109.02 – 815.72 mg/100 g, 20.12 – 41.03 mg/100 g, 0.55 – 3.58 mg/100 g, 0.30 – 0.52 mg/100 g and 0.55 – 1.13 mg/100 g respectively while the vitamin A, B1, B2, B3 and C ranged from 1.30 – 29.60 (µ/100 g), 0.30 – 0.98 mg/100 g, 0.32 – 0.86 mg/100 g and 0.01 – 0.39 mg/100 g respectively. Sensory attributes on a 9-point hedonic scale was carried out by 30 member panelists on the biscuit and results indicated that all samples were within acceptable range, however biscuit from 100% wheat and 10% soybeans flour inclusion were most preferred by panelists. The study showed that high-quality biscuit can be produced from blends of wheat, soybeans and OFSP flour blends.