Breeding for the Future: A Comprehensive Review of Recurrent Selection

Abstract

This review explores the principles and applications of Recurrent Selection (RS) in plant breeding, emphasizing its significance in achieving genetic gains and adapting crops to evolving environmental conditions. Modern agriculture faces the challenge of meeting the growing global demand for food, feed, and fiber while coping with environmental changes and limited resources. In this context, breeding tools play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of crop improvement strategies. RS stands out as a powerful and dynamic breeding tool, offering a systematic approach to the genetic improvement of crops over successive generations. RS involves the repeated cycles of selection and mating within a population, promoting the cumulative improvement of desirable traits. The method harnesses the natural variation present in a population, allowing breeders to exploit the full potential of genetic diversity. Key components of RS, such as family selection, progeny testing, and the incorporation of molecular tools, are discussed to underscore its versatility in addressing complex breeding objectives. The iterative nature of RS enables breeders to respond dynamically to changing selection priorities, ensuring adaptability to emerging challenges, such as climate change and evolving pest and disease pressures. Furthermore, this review delves into the integration of cutting-edge technologies, including genomics and phenomics, to enhance the precision and speed of RS. The synergy between traditional breeding practices and modern molecular tools accelerates the breeding cycle, ultimately providing breeders with a robust and efficient framework for crop improvement. In conclusion, Recurrent Selection emerges as a breeding tool that bridges the gap between traditional methods and contemporary advancements, offering a sustainable approach to meet the demands of a rapidly evolving agricultural landscape. This review highlights the importance of RS in achieving resilient, high-yielding crops that contribute to global food security while addressing the challenges posed by a changing environment.