Skip to content
Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Biomolecular Features of COVID-19 in Hodeidah, Yemen

Mohammed Amood AL Kamarany, Tarik Abdulkarim, Mahfouz Nasser

Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · pp. 29–38 · Published 4 Jul 2023

10.9734/ajbgmb/2023/v14i3317

Abstract

Background: The biomolecular technique namely Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is very important in confirmation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but in progressive infection and predication of the illness severity is not used. Objective: Therefore, the study aimed to determine the relationship between the viral load of COVID-19 infection and the severity of illness based on cycle threshold (Ct). Methodology: The research was designed in a case series study. The study included 60 patients that were confirmed by the RT-PCR test with COVID-19 and divided into two major groups. The first major group was mild and moderate cases (n:20)  that were treated at home (outpatient) and the second major group was severe and critical cases (n:40) that were treated in the isolation center (inpatient). Results: The results showed no relationship between the viral load and severity of illness, where the minimum Ct was 14, and the maximum Ct was 36. The mean of  Ct was  22 ± 7. On the other hand, the low Ct (high viral load) was reported in early detection cases.  In addition , 60%  (36 cases) of patients had low Ct (high viral  load ;  Ct ≤ 15  and ≤ 25  ) 40% of patients (24 cases)  had high Ct (low viral load ; Ct ≤ 26  and ≤ 39 ) that was more  than 25 Ct and less than 39 cycles . On the other mean , 95 % of first group cases (mild and moderate cases )  had high viral load  based on Ct -values  and 42.5 % of second group (severe and critical) had low viral load based on Ct -values. On the other hand, kinetic of viral load–based Ct where the viral load was reported in the first week as very high (low Ct 21) with a longitudinal assessment of RT-PCR test results in individuals requiring third –fourth weeks to clear COVID-19  RNA showed a significant reduction of the viral load in samples  (Ct values > 30).      Conclusion: The study concluded that several factors can affect the Ct of RT-PCR (onset date, collection technique, type of swab, sampling method). Briefly, the COVID-19 RT-PCR test cannot be used as a predictor of the severity of illness.

COVID -19 bio-molecular viral load cycling threshold Hodeidah Yemen

References (35)

  1. 1 Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study [DOI]
  2. 2 Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges [DOI]
  3. 3 Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study [DOI]
  4. 4 Defining the Epidemiology of Covid-19 — Studies Needed [DOI]
  5. 5 Interpreting a covid-19 test result [DOI]
  6. 6 The Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2 or n-COV19), the Cause of COVID-19 [DOI]
  7. 7 The genetic sequence, origin, and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 [DOI]
  8. 8 Properties of Coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2.
  9. 9 A Systematic Review of the Clinical Utility of Cycle Threshold Values in the Context of COVID-19 [DOI]
  10. 10 Detection of COVID-19: A review of the current literature and future perspectives [DOI]
  11. 11 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and research gaps: Understanding SARS-CoV-2 interaction with the ACE2 receptor and implications for therapy [DOI]
  12. 12 Viral Dynamics and Real-Time RT-PCR Ct Values Correlation with Disease Severity in COVID-19 [DOI]
  13. 13 The outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): A review of the current global status [DOI]
  14. 14 Primer design for quantitative real-time PCR for the emerging Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 [DOI]
  15. 15 Cycle threshold values in RT‐PCR to determine dynamics of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral load: An approach to reduce the isolation period for COVID‐19 patients [DOI]
  16. 16 Post-mortem viral dynamics and tropism in COVID-19 patients in correlation with organ damage [DOI]
  17. 17 Immune dysfunction leads to mortality and organ injury in patients with COVID-19 in China: insights from ERS-COVID-19 study [DOI]
  18. 18 Recent progress on the diagnosis of 2019 Novel Coronavirus [DOI]
  19. 19 Understanding, Verifying, and Implementing Emergency Use Authorization Molecular Diagnostics for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA [DOI]
  20. 20 COVID-19 viral load not associated with disease severity: findings from a retrospective cohort study [DOI]
  21. 21 No correlation between Ct values and severity of disease or mortality in patients with COVID 19 disease [DOI]
  22. 22 The association between SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR cycle threshold and mortality in a community cohort [DOI]
  23. 23 Molecular analysis of several in-house rRT-PCR protocols for SARS-CoV-2 detection in the context of genetic variability of the virus in Colombia [DOI]
  24. 24 Chikungunya outbreak in Al-Hudaydah, Yemen, 2011: Epidemiological characterization and key lessons learned for early detection and control [DOI]
  25. 25 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) structural and evolutionary dynamicome: Insights into functional evolution and human genomics [DOI]
  26. 26 A reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay for the rapid detection of N gene of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) [DOI]
  27. 27 Dengue Fever Infection in Hodeidah, Yemen: Risk Factors and Socioeconomic Indicators
  28. 28 Detection of Dengue Fever Virus Serotype – 4 by using One-Step Real-Time RT-PCR in Hodeidah, Yemen [DOI]
  29. 29 Epidemiological Characteristic of Malaria Coinfected with Dengue Fever in Hodeidah, Yemen [DOI]
  30. 30 Predictors of Illness Severity in COVID-19 Cases in Saudi Arabia [DOI]
  31. 31 Clinical associations of SARS-CoV-2 viral load using the first WHO International Standard for SARS-CoV-2 RNA [DOI]
  32. 32 Epidemiological and Clinical Features of COVID-19 in Hodeidah, Yemen [DOI]
  33. 33 Radiological Features of COVID-19 Patients in Hodeidah, Yemen [DOI]
  34. 34 Outbreak Investigation: First Ten COVID – 19 Infection Related Deaths in Hodeidah, Yemen [DOI]
  35. 35 Can Quantitative RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 Help in Better Management of Patients and Control of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic [DOI]

Cited by 7

Coronavirus Disease 2019 – Dengue Fever Coinfection: A Case Report

Mohammed Amood AL Kamarany, Ahmed Majam, Khaled Suhail, Abdullah Zuhairy, Elham Alabsi · International Journal of Pathogen Research · 2023

Hematological and Coagulation Features of COVID-19 Patients in Hodeidah, Yemen

Fuad Ahmed Balkam, Mohammed Amood Al-Kamarany · International Journal of Pathogen Research · 2023

Pharmacological and Therapeutic Features of COVID - 19 Infection in Hodeidah, Yemen

Mohammed Amood Al-Kamarany, Hussien Omer Alkadi, Mohammed Yahia Almadani, Zainulbedeen Ali Alsharma, Rashad Mohammed Al-Salehy, Nabil Ahmed Albaser · Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2024

IMPACT MONITORING OF LOW AND HIGH DEXAMETHASONE DOSES ON COVID-19 OUTCOMES IN HODEIDAH, YEMEN: A PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY

MOHAMMED AMOOD AL KAMARANY, ABDULLAH H MADD, ALI AHMED MOHAJAB · Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research · 2025

Showing 4 of 7 known citations — external sources report more than can currently be individually listed.

Related research

Article metrics

Real usage data collected on this platform.

134

Page views

0

PDF downloads

54

Outbound clicks

7

Citations

Views over time

Views by country

Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".

Traffic sources

Referring site, by host.

Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.