Biochemical and Nutritional Characterization of Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) Germplasm Grown in Eastern Part of Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Background: Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) is a nutritionally rich and climate-resilient crop with high potential for enhancing food and nutritional security, particularly under marginal growing conditions. However, limited research on its genetic variability and nutritional traits necessitates evaluation of germplasm to identify superior genotypes for crop improvement. Aims: The study aims to evaluate the biochemical and nutritional characteristics of ten kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) germplasm along with one check variety (KK-1), and to identify nutritionally superior germplasm. Study Design: Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted under controlled experimental conditions; duration and institutional details may be specified as applicable. Methodology: Eleven kodo millet germplasm (ten test entries and one check variety KK-1) were analyzed for biochemical and nutritional parameters. Biochemical traits included carbohydrate content, crude fibre, total minerals, reducing sugar, and non-reducing sugar. Nutritional parameters comprised protein content and essential amino acids such as lysine, methionine, and tryptophan. Standard analytical procedures were employed for estimation, and data were statistically analyzed under CRD to assess variability among germplasm. Results: Significant variability was observed among the germplasm for all studied traits. Germplasm Kodo-5 recorded the highest values for carbohydrate (65.17 g/100 g), crude fibre (10.19%), total minerals (3.33%), protein (9.08 g/100 g), methionine (94.25 mg/g), and tryptophan (33.58 mg/g). The highest lysine content was observed in Kodo-7 (179.40 mg/g). Variations in reducing and non-reducing sugars were also noted across germplasm, indicating diverse biochemical profiles. Conclusion: The study revealed substantial genetic variability in biochemical and nutritional traits among kodo millet germplasm. Based on overall performance, Kodo-5 was identified as nutritionally superior and may serve as a promising candidate for breeding programs aimed at improving the nutritional quality of kodo millet.