Assessment of Genotype × Environment Interaction and Yield Stability in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Abstract

Genotype × environment interaction is an important consideration in groundnut improvement because yield and related traits are strongly influenced by environmental conditions. The present study evaluated the stability and adaptability of 74 groundnut genotypes, including four standard checks, across six environments during the Kharif seasons of 2023 and 2024. The environments represented three locations: CTAE Instructional Farm, Udaipur; KVK, Rajsamand; and KVK, Chittorgarh. The experiment was conducted in an augmented block design, and observations were recorded for days to 50 per cent flowering, number of branches per plant, dry pod yield per plant, kernel yield per plant, and 100-seed weight. Stability analysis was performed using the Eberhart and Russell model based on mean performance, regression coefficient, and deviation from regression. Pooled analysis of variance showed significant effects of genotype, environment, and genotype × environment interaction for all studied traits, indicating differential responses of genotypes across environments. Several genotypes showed desirable mean performance and adaptation for yield-related traits. Based on dry pod yield, kernel yield, and associated stability parameters, PI-614, PI-1362, PI-1660, PI-1989, PI-2124, PI-2311, PI-2452, PI-2506, PI-2571, PI-2749, PI-1473, PI-1530, PI-1918, PI-2344, PI-2544, and PI-3132 were identified as promising genotypes. These genotypes may be useful in breeding programmes aimed at improving yield performance and adaptability in groundnut, subject to further validation across additional environments.