Anti-Type I Diabetic Activity of the Methanolic Extract of Aegle marmelos on Streptozotocin Induced Rat Model

Abstract

Aegle marmelos, generally acknowledged as Bael, is being ancient in Ayurveda for the therapy of a number of disorders. All the components on it tree along with stem, bark, root, leaves, fruit and seeds at all stages of maturity have medicinal virtues and have been recorded in Ethno-medicine. Aims: The present investigation study the Anti-Type I diabetic activity of the methanolic extract of Aegle marmelos on STZ induced rat model. Study Design: In-vivo study in rat model Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Karnataka college of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India, between Jan 2021 to Dec 2021. Methodology: Extracted Aegle marmelos was to be evaluated the toxicity as per the OECD guidelines and biochemical, hematological and gross pathological analysis has been assessed. Type I Diabetes has been induced in Wistar rats through STZ 65mg/kg/b.w. I.P. During the experiment, Rat’s BW and FBS level were monitored. At the end of study, animals among all groups namely Group I: Normal control, Group II: STZ 65mg/kg, Group III: STZ + Insulin 4Ukg/b.w., Group IV: Aegle marmelos 250mg/kg and Group V: Aegle marmelos 500mg/kg were sacrificed and biochemical parameters like Lipid profile, C-Peptide, HbA1c, Serum insulin, pancreatic insulin, and histology of pancreas had been observed. Aegle marmelos was also screened for pro-inflammatory cytokines viz., IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were assessed by ELISA test. Furthermore, Antioxidant Enzyme like SOD, CAT, LPO and GSH were performed. Results: The observed extract Aegle marmelos was shown safe in the toxicity data; B.W, Lipid Profile, RFT, LFT, hematological parameters were shown in the limit range and the vital organ tissue histology were not shown any anatomical and structural abnormalities. The findings of the other parameters have been shown significant impact in vivo to manage the diabetic markers like weight gain, blood glucose, lipid profile, C-Peptide, HbA1c, secretion of insulin, and pancreatic insulin. Diabetic pancreas of rats confirmed fall of beta cell density and disruption of normal architecture. But treated group were found to restore the mass of beta cells. Mediator of inflammatory cytokines like increased in STZ group and was inhibited by test chemicals. Elevated oxidative enzymes also have been seen to control upon the treatment with Aegle marmelos. Conclusion: All this findings and phytoconstituents present within the extract should be the possible chemical substances concerned in the prevention of diabetes.