Analysis the Genetic Variability and Character Association in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Abstract

The heritable element of overall variability is represented by the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), which measures the genetic proportion of this variability. The chance of using a certain character in a selection programme increases with increasing GCV. Heritable variability cannot be calculated only based on genetic variability as measured by GCV. The investigation was undertaken to study the association of traits on yield and the direct and indirect effects of yield attributes on yield of brinjal in order to determine and select best genotypes for further brinjal improvement programme. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the gneotypes for all the characters studied. The experiment was laid out at Horticulture Research Farm, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Allied Industries, Rama University, Kanpur (U.P.), Kanpur during rabi season (October 2024 to March 2025). The transplanting was carried out with a spacing of 75 x 60 cm, placing one seedling in each hill. GCV and PCV were calculated by standard procedures in the present study the heritability estimates in broad sense were classified into 3 groups such as high (>75%), moderate (60% - 75%), low (<60%). The highest total fruit yield per plant (kg) of genotype Kashi Taru (5.73). While lowest total fruit yield per plant (kg) observed for Azad B-1 (2.63).  The genotypic and phenotypic coefficient variance value was categorized as low (0-10%), moderate (10-20%) and high (20% and above). Genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficient analysis revealed that fruit yield per plant (kg)  showed positive significant association with fruit diameter (cm)(0.510** and 0.388*), plant height (cm) (0.453** and 0.364*), total no. of fruits per plant (0.972** and  0.882**), no. of marketable fruits per pplant  (0.917** and  0.833**), no. of non marketable fruits per plant  (0.794** and  0.712**), marketable fruit yield per plant (kg) (0.997** and  0.869**), marketable fruit yield (q ha-1) (0.988** and  0.888**), total phenol content (0.551** and  0.458**). Revealed that highest positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant (kg) was exhibited by   days to 50% flowering (0.1027), no. of flowers per inflorescent (0.0764), days to marketable fruit harve (0.0029), fruit weight (g) (0.0447), fruit length (cm) (0.1191), plant height (cm) (0.0212), total no. of fruits per plant (0.2268), no. of non marketable fruits p (0.3357), marketable fruit yield per hec (0.611) and  total phenol content (0.217) at genotypic.  Revealed that highest positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant (kg) was exhibited by  no. of flowers per inflorescent (0.0221), days to marketable fruit harve (0.0271), fruit diameter (cm) (0.3382), fruit length/breadth ratio (0.4326), total no. of fruits per plant (0.5411), no. of marketable fruits per plant  (0.127), no. of non marketable fruits plant  (0.3894) marketable fruit yield per hec (0.3402) and  total phenol content (0.2539) at phenotypic.