Skip to content
Research Article Open access CC BY 3.0

Analysis of Phytochemical and Antibacterial Activity of Carissa spinarum Linn Crude Extracts

Clarence Rubaka, Patrick Ndakidemi, Hamisi Malebo, Francis Shahada

European Journal of Medicinal Plants · pp. 937–945 · Published 31 May 2014

10.9734/EJMP/2014/8236

Abstract

Aims: To screen for the antibacterial activity of Carissa spinarum L. crude extracts against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemicals that are responsible for the bioactivity were also screened. Study Design: In vitro assay of antibacterial properties. Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected from Samunge village at Loliondo in Ngorongoro district located in northern Tanzania. Extraction and phytochemical analyses were conducted at the Department of Traditional Medicine of the National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Antimicrobial bioassay was carried out at Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology at the University of Dar-es-Salaam between March 2013 and June 2013. Methodology: Disk diffusion test was used to determine antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts. Chemical tests were used to determine the group of phytochemicals present in the sample extracts. Results: Sensitivity testing results indicated that S. aureus was found to be more sensitive than E. coli. Carissa spinarum L. methanolic extracts were the most active constituents and demonstrated the zone of inhibition values of 11.66±0.42 mm and 13.33±1.53 mm in diameter against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. The highest percentage values of relative inhibition zone diameter of 57.24% (E. coli) and 70.17% (S. aureus) were demonstrated by C. spinarum L. root methanolic extracts. In contrast, C. spinarum L. bark extracts did not show any antibacterial activity against the two bacterial species. Plant extracts demonstrated the minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 312 to 5000 μg/ml. Phytochemical screening of crude extracts revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and sterols. The presence of these phytochemicals in the extracts was linked with observed antibacterial activity. Conclusion: This study has revealed that the antibacterial activity of different extracts of C. spinarum L. was attributed to the presence of several phytochemicals. The study findings suggest likelihood of designing and developing potentially active antibacterial agents from C. spinarum L.  

Carissa spinarum L extracts antibacterial activity phytochemicals

References (20)

  1. 1 Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents [DOI]
  2. 2 Flavonoid antioxidants: chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships [DOI]
  3. 3 Molecular basis of bacterial outer membrane permeability [DOI]
  4. 4 Antibacterial action of several tannins against Staphylococcus aureus [DOI]
  5. 5 Screening for antimicrobial activity of ten medicinal plants used in Colombian folkloric medicine: A possible alternative in the treatment of non-nosocomial infections [DOI]
  6. 6 Synergism between plant extract and antimicrobial drugs used on Staphylococcus aureus diseases [DOI]
  7. 7 The challenges of overcoming antibiotic resistance: Plant extracts as potential sources of antimicrobial and resistance modifying agents [DOI]
  8. 8 Synergistic antimicrobial activity between pentacyclic triterpenoids and antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus strains [DOI]
  9. 9 Isolation and identification of antimicrobial compound from Mentha longifolia L. leaves grown wild in Iraq [DOI]
  10. 10 Studies on the antibacterial activity of root extracts of Carica papaya L. [DOI]
  11. 11 Wound healing and antimicrobial potential of Carissa spinarum Linn. in albino mice [DOI]
  12. 12 Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiverotoxic potentials of extracts of Curtisia dentata [DOI]
  13. 13 In vitro antimicrobial activity of flavanoids of Ocimum sanctum with synergistic effect of their combined form [DOI]
  14. 14 Potentiation of Catechin Gallate-Mediated Sensitization of Staphylococcus aureus to Oxacillin by Nongalloylated Catechins [DOI]
  15. 15 Bioactive Compounds from Carissa spinarum [DOI]
  16. 16 Phytochemical screening of Calendula officinalis Linn leaf extract by TLC.
  17. 17 Screening of Berberis aristata DC. for Antimicrobial Potential against the Pathogens Causing Ear Infection [DOI]
  18. 18 Antioxidants and a new germacrane sesquiterpene fromCarissa spinarum [DOI]
  19. 19 Antibacterial Properties of the Leaf Extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev on Some Pathogenic Organisms [DOI]
  20. 20 Incidence and susceptibility pattern of clinical isolates from pus producing infection to antibiotics and Carica papaya seed extract [DOI]

Cited by 9

Development and Characterization of Nanovesicles Containing Phenolic Compounds of Carissa spinarum: Encapsulation, Release Kinetics, Antimicrobial Activity and Mathematical Modeling

Clarence Rubaka, J. Gathirwa, H. Malebo · Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering · 2023

Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Herbs Used in Treatment of Diabetes, Malaria and Pneumonia in Kisii and Nyamira Counties Region, Kenya

Moses A. Guto Maobe, L. Gitu, E. Gatebe · Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry · 2021

A Review of the Medicinal and Antimicrobial Properties of Carissa spinarum L.

G. Berhanu, Dagmawit Atalel, Venkataramana Kandi · 2020

A BRIEF REVIEW ON PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE OF CARISSA SPINARUM L.

I. Ansari, Diptesh T. Patil · Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research · 2018

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Selected Tanzania Medicinal Plants

M. Kilonzo, P. Ndakidemi, M. Chacha · 2016

In vitro antifungal and cytotoxicity activities of selected Tanzanian medicinal plants

M. Kilonzo, P. Ndakidemi, M. Chacha · 2016

Antibacterial Activity of Mimusops Elengi Leaf, Seed and Bark Extracts Alone and in Combination with Antibiotics against Human Pathogenic Bacteria

S. Mandal, B. Sircar · 2016

Int. J. Biosci

Hervé Brice Dakpogan, Razaki Adiho Ossè, Sabbas Attindehou · 2012

Investigation of Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Thorns of Ceiba petandra Plant

N. Ramli, N. Ibrahim, N. Chik

Related research

Article metrics

Real usage data collected on this platform.

9

Page views

0

PDF downloads

0

Outbound clicks

9

Citations

Views over time

Views by country

Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".

Traffic sources

Referring site, by host.

Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.