Analysis of Factors Associated with Food Insecurity among Diabetic and Hypertensive Patients at Makamba Hospital

Abstract

The association between diabetes and hypertension represents a major public health problem in Burundi. These patients, who are particularly vulnerable, face food-related challenges that compromise their therapeutic balance. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with food insecurity among patients suffering from diabetes associated with hypertension at Makamba Hospital. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 60 diabetic and hypertensive patients attending Makamba Hospital from December 2025 to March 2026. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, including anthropometric measurements (weight, height, BMI), clinical parameters (blood pressure, blood glucose), and the Food Consumption Score (FCS). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, including descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis (Chi-square test, OR at 95%, p<0.05), and multivariate logistic regression. Food insecurity affected 70.0% of patients (26.7% poor diet, 43.3% borderline diet). Obesity affected 30.0% of patients and was correlated with poor glycemic control (r = 0.302, p < 0.01). Risk factors associated with food insecurity included: presence of complications (OR = 3.65), alcohol consumption (OR = 3.65), low number of meals per day (OR = 3.38), and lack of physical activity (OR = 2.50). Educational level was positively correlated with diet quality (ρ = 0.289, p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis confirmed these associations with adjusted ORs of 3.53 for complications and 3.35 for alcohol consumption. Food insecurity is highly prevalent among diabetic and hypertensive patients in Makamba (70.0%). Targeted interventions focusing on nutritional education, promotion of physical activity, and social support are needed.