An Exploration of Dietary Changes During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding in a Rural Community in Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Adequate nutrition during pregnancy and breastfeeding is essential for maternal and child health, especially in rural communities where access to nutritional information and resources may be limited. If the nutritional needs of the mother are not met, this can lead to lasting and serious health risks for both mother and infant. Aims: To explore dietary changes during pregnancy and breastfeeding among women in rural settings, and to identify the reasons influencing these changes. Study Design: A qualitative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from 28 October to 12 December 2022 in villages located in the Korhogo district, in northern Côte d'Ivoire. Methodology: A questionnaire was administered to 140 breastfeeding and 45 pregnant women in eight rural villages. Participants, all women farmers, were selected on a voluntary basis. The questionnaire focused on dietary intake and changes during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Data were analyzed manually using thematic framework analysis. Results: During pregnancy, 62% of women reported reducing or eliminating at least one food group (e.g., cereals, starchy roots, or nuts) due to gastrointestinal issues, food aversions, or fear of negative pregnancy outcomes. In contrast, 92% increased their intake of certain foods (e.g., cereals, roots, eggs) to meet cravings and gain strength. Among breastfeeding women, 42% excluded certain fruits (e.g., mango, cashew apple) due to perceived risks to the baby’s health or breastmilk quality. Many women increased their intake of cow's milk and dairy products to stimulate milk production. Conclusion: This study shows that women change their diets during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to symptoms, cultural beliefs, and health concerns. It underlines the importance of better nutrition education and counselling to help women make informed food choices during these key periods.