A Case Report on Buteyko Breathing Technique and Deep Breathing Exercises for Enhancing Cardiac and Pulmonary Outcomes Post-CABG

Abstract

Background: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) is a common surgery for coronary artery disease (CAD), with postoperative pulmonary complications affecting 30–60% of patients. This study evaluates its effectiveness in enhancing LVEF and breath-holding time in CABG patients. Materials and Methods: A combination of deep breathing exercises and gentle limb movements was implemented in post operated CABG patient in MG Hospital Jaipur in an upright, supported seated position. The Buteyko breathing technique, involving gentle inhalation, soft exhalation, and breath-holding during exhalation, was also practiced to maintain partial lung emptiness. Breath-hold duration was recorded until the first urge to breathe, followed by nasal inhalation. This supervised intervention was performed for 20 minutes daily over seven days. Breath-hold duration was monitored daily, and ejection fraction (EF) was assessed on postoperative days 1st and 7th to evaluate the technique's impact. Results: Significant improvements were observed in ejection fraction (EF), breath-hold duration, vital signs, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, and lung efficiency (via incentive spirometry). The combined use of the Buteyko breathing technique (BBT) and deep breathing exercises demonstrated marked effectiveness in enhancing early postoperative outcomes in an early post-operative CABG patient. Conclusion: The Buteyko breathing technique and deep breathing exercises significantly enhanced respiratory mechanics, oxygen utilization, lung expansion, leading to improved ejection fraction (EF) and breath-hold duration. This combination demonstrated effectiveness in reducing postoperative pulmonary complications and supporting early recovery and functional outcomes in an early post-operative CABG patients.