Tissue Specific Genomic and Proteomic Profiling in Albino Wistar Rat

Abstract

Animal tissues from Albino Wistar rats provide a valuable model to compare uniform genomic DNA with tissue-specific protein expression, enabling baseline molecular profiling across organs. This study aimed to isolate high-quality genomic DNA and characterize tissue-specific protein expression profiles from liver, kidney, lung, and brain tissues of albino Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus). Genomic DNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform method and evaluated by spectrophotometric analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis. All samples exhibited high purity (A260/A280: 1.80-1.97) and intact high-molecular-weight DNA bands with minimal degradation. Total protein was quantified using the Lowry method, demonstrating tissue-dependent variation, with the highest concentration observed in liver (93 µg/mL), followed by kidney (86 µg/mL), lung (78.6 µg/mL), and brain (76.5 µg/mL). SDS-PAGE analysis revealed distinct and complex banding patterns across tissues, reflecting differential protein expression profiles. Despite uniform genomic integrity across tissues, proteomic heterogeneity was evident, consistent with organ-specific functional specialization. This study provides baseline comparative molecular profiling across rat tissue and establishes reliable protocols for simultaneous genomic and proteomic analysis and provides baseline molecular data for future biomedical and toxicological investigations.