Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Cardiovascular Diseases: Integrative Review

Abstract

Background: A substantial risk factor for cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity is obesity, which are the leading cause of death internationally. For many years, the first-line treatment for obesity has been lifestyle adjustments, such as diet control, exercise, and behavioral improvements. However, pharmacotherapies and bariatric surgery are taken into consideration when such measures fail. It's interesting to note that abrupt weight loss (like that brought on by bariatric surgery) may actually raise mortality. Purpose: This study's aim is to educate the public on the effects of bariatric surgery on cardiovascular problems. Therefore, the goals of this study are to thoroughly review the scientific data on the effects of dietary interventions utilizing different diets on weight loss and to address the possibility that cardiovascular illnesses may be impacted by bariatric surgery., to know if there is a Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events reduction following bariatric surgery in clients that are obese and with Cardiovascular Disease. Methods: This paper used Whittemore & Knafl (2005) process, where it developed a methodological framework for the integrative review process, including defining the issue, formulating the research question, conducting a focused literature search, and utilizing mixed-methods or qualitative data processing strategies to reduce the risk of bias and error. Result: There were 62,658 individuals from the ten (10) studies that made up this study, of which 23,845 received any kind of bariatric surgery and 38,813 did not. Roux-en- Among the described bariatric procedures were the Y gastric bypass, gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy, biliopancreatic diversion, vertical banded gastroplasty, and duodenal switch. The follow-up periods for the studies ranged from 3 to 9 years. Conclusion:  Individuals with obesity and Cardio vascular Disease who underwent bariatric surgery had much reduced MACE than those who did not, according to the systematic and thorough investigation. The study showed that bariatric surgery can help persons with obesity and CVDs. An improvement in glucose and lipid metabolism, an improvement in heart function, and an improvement in overall CV outcomes could all have a MACE-lowering effect.