Optimization of Fatty Acid Composition by of Cooking Oils Blending of Different Plant Oils

Abstract

Fats and oils are important carriers and protectors of liposoluble vitamins: A,D,E,K; Provitamins like carotenes & tocopherols and liposoluble nutraceutical products: Squalene, polyphenols, sterols etc. However, most of single oils do not have the correct balance to meet humans’ nutrition requirement. Some of the most well-known non healthier attributes of using single oils for cooking and other edible purpose are presence of an non balanced amount of Omega 6 (W6) or non-balanced amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFA) or Low content of omega 3 (W3), Excessive PUFA that affects the oil stability during drastic heat treatment in frying applications which yields an harmful oxidations products in oil. Also the UnbalancedW6/W3 content in cooking oil or foods containing fats and Unbalanced short-chain and long-chain FA etc. Unbalanced oil consumption regarding the omega 6: omega 3 ratio affects the health in many aspects as is proven by the scientific findings. Excessive omega 6 fatty acid in human diet promotes inflammation, reduce immunity, increases risk of heart diseases, risk of diabetes, allergy symptoms, hypertension risk, cancer risk, osteoporosis, depression risk and weaken memory. In this study, different oils composites of vegetable oils were formulated from tropical oils and seed oils including palm oil fractions, Canola oil, corn, soybean oil, Sunflower seed oil, Olive oil, sesame oil, rice bran  oils, cotton seed oil and MCT rich oils . The selected oils are differing in their content of SFA, MUFA and PUFA fatty acids and in their n–3, n–6 and n–9 ratios. The fulfillment of smart balance requirements of FAO/WHO recommended that, approximately 30% of total energy intake (daily) should come from oils and fats. From that total, around 1/3 should be saturated, 1/3 monounsaturated and 1/3 polyunsaturated. It is important that the balance ofW6/W3 be near 2-5/1 has been targeted in these healthier cooking oils composites. Physio-chemical characterization of the blends during thermal treatment applications like frying has been studied. Results showed marked differences in the FAs composition balance between the different oils used for preparing the oil composites. The prepared blends achieve the optimum omega 6: omega 3 balances to prevent control the inflammations had n–6 to n– 3 FAs ratio which varied from 4.9:1 to 4.5:1. This review will help the edible oil producers and related food industry to find out the most economically viable oil blends for cooking purposes, with maximum nutrition as well as desirable physicochemical properties.