Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are major causes of chronic liver disease and are associated with complex host immune and inflammatory responses. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune regulatio...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/irjgh/2026/v9i1160
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in children, with Escherichia coli being a major causative pathogen. Urinalysis is a simple and accessible laboratory investigation that provides useful information about urinary abnormalit...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajpr/2026/v16i9572
Background: Kidney stones are a common urinary tract disorder that may be associated with bacterial colonisation and urinary tract infections. The identification of bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns is important for appropriate management of susp...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajrru/2026/v9i1173
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are important bacterial infections in diabetic patients because diabetes mellitus may promote bacterial growth and recurrent infection. This study aimed to isolate and identify bacterial species associated with UTIs in diabetic patients...
Open access
Research Article10.9734/ajrru/2026/v9i1166