Suitability of Hermetia illucens Larvae Meal and Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal as Replacement for Fishmeal in Clarias gariepinus Diet: A Mini-review

Abstract

Across the globe, African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is increasingly recognized as a vital species in aquaculture, renowned for its complex biology and adaptability to varying environmental conditions. As demand for sustainable aquaculture feeds grows, the need for alternative protein sources to replace conventional fishmeal becomes more pressing. This review explores the multifaceted biology and nutritional needs of African catfish, emphasizing its dietary protein requirements during various growth stages and the impact of alternative protein sources on its development. Among these alternatives, Black Soldier Fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) and Moringa leaf meal (Moringa oleifera) emerge as promising contenders, offering significant potential in both cost-effectiveness and sustainability. The review also investigates the ecological implications of using these alternative proteins, alongside their economic benefits and challenges in large-scale implementation. By examining the core aspects of African catfish nutrition, alternative feed ingredients, and their influence on growth and reproductive performance, this review aims to provide a comprehensive framework for advancing aquaculture practices and promoting environmental sustainability.