Lithotriptic Effects of Phyllanthus fraternus Methanol Leaf Extract on Ethylene Glycol-induced Kidney Calculi in Albino Rats

Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate the Lithotriptic potentials of Phyllantus fraternus methanol leaf extract on ethylene glycol-induced kidney calculi in albino rats. Ethylene glycol (1% v/v) was administered in their drinking water for a period of 28 days. The Treatment was done with the extract at 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg body weights. Cystone® at 500 mg/kg body weight was also given for a period of 21 days to the standard control group. The serum parameters such as calcium, phosphates, magnesium and albumin were measured and evaluated. The results for the Lithotriptic activity, where the kidney homogenates were analyzed are described as thus, the phosphate concentrations when compared were significant (p<0.05) between the groups’ 600 mg/kg body weight (9.61 ± 1.17) and the normal control (5.67 ± 0.70). Significant differences (p<0.05) for phosphates were also observed between 600 mg/kg (9.61 ± 1.17) and 200 mg/kg body weights (12.06 ± 0.51); 400 mg/kg (7.64 ± 0.44) and 200 mg/kg body weights (12.06 ± 0.51) and the 200 mg/kg and standard control groups Cystone® (7.96 ± 0.56) respectively. Significant differences (p<0.05) were also observed for phosphates concentration, when the normal control (5.67 ± 0.70) was compared to the 400 mg/kg body weight (7.64 ± 0.44) and the standard control group Cystone® (7.96 ± 0.56). From this study, it can be deduced that, the presented data indicated that, the administration of Phyllanthus fraternus methanol leaf extract to rats with ethylene glycol-induced kidney calculi, reduced and prevented the growth of kidney calculi, supporting the folklore claim regarding its Lithotriptic activity.