Levels of High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein and Albuminuria and Their Correlation in Hypertensive Patients in Southern Part of Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Inflammation is a critical factor in the development and progression of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease. Accordingly, elevated levels of inflammatory markers, such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HSCRP), have been reported in patients with hypertension. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate serum HSCRP levels and albuminuria and to determine their correlation in patients with hypertension. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 300 participants, comprising 200 individuals with hypertension and 100 normotensive individuals, and was conducted at Delta State Central Hospital, Warri, between October 2022 and December 2023. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data, which were analysed using SPSS version 23. Results: Mean HSCRP levels were 4.23 ± 3.31 mg/L in the hypertensive group and 1.50 ± 1.49 mg/L in the control group; the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Mean urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) values were 1.02 ± 1.42 mg/mmol in the hypertensive group and 0.28 ± 0.16 mg/mmol in the control group; this difference was also statistically significant (p < 0.001). A statistically significant weak positive correlation was observed between HSCRP and UACR in the hypertensive group (r = 0.140, p = 0.048). Conclusion: Serum HSCRP and UACR levels were significantly higher in patients with hypertension than in controls. HSCRP and UACR showed a weak positive correlation in the hypertensive group.