Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Biomedical Waste Generated in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria

Abstract

Multiple drug resistance bacteria in solid and liquid wastes in public and private hospitals were investigated between December, 2013 and February, 2014. Solid and liquid wastes were collected from discharged sites from different wards of both hospital environments. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the different isolates to commonly used antibiotic using multi-antibiotic disc at different concentrations were determined. A hundred and twenty-four bacterial isolates were identified from the collected samples, 36 (29.0%) and 88 (70.9%), of which were from liquid and solid wastes respectively. The bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli (E. coli) 23 (18.6%), Staphylococcus aureus 20 (16.1%), Enterobacter sp 18 (14.5%), Pseudomonas sp 15 (12%), Proteus sp 12 (9.7%), Shigella sp 11 (8.9%), Klebsiella sp 8 (6.5%), Salmonella sp 7 (5.7%), Bacillus sp 5 (4.0%), Citrobacter sp 3 (2.4%), and Serratia sp 2 (1.6%). The results showed that E. colihad the highest percentage of 18.6%; followed by Staphyloccocus aureus (16.1%) from the total number of bacterial species identified from the solid and liquid wastes. Serratia sp had the least percentage of 1.6% and Citrobacter sp with 2.4%. E. coli were 100% resistant to ciproflox and ampicillin while Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella sp were highly resistance to ampicillin with 87.5% and 81.8%, respectively. Among the gram-positive isolates, Staphylococcus aureus was found to be resistant to floxapen (70%) followed by erythromycin (60%) while Bacillus sp was resistant to erythromycin (80%), norfloxacin (60%) and floxapen (60%). The studied area showed high occurrence of multiple drug resistance patterns in both the public and private hospitals to the commonly used antibiotics tested on the isolated organisms.