Comparative Assessment of Tooth Size and Arch Dimension in North Indian Population

Abstract

Dental crowding is a common malocclusion resulting from a discrepancy between tooth size and the available space within the dental arch. The present cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate mesiodistal tooth size and arch width in Class I normal occlusion and Class I and Class II crowded dentitions in a North Indian population, with emphasis on gender differences. The study sample comprised 80 subjects aged 12–35 years. Dental casts were obtained using alginate impressions, and measurements were recorded using a digital vernier caliper. Statistical analysis was performed using an independent t-test with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results demonstrated significantly greater maxillary and mandibular tooth widths in the crowded group compared to the normal occlusion group (p < 0.001), while most arch widths were reduced in crowded dentitions. Maxillary inter-canine width showed no significant difference, whereas posterior arch widths were significantly smaller. Sexual dimorphism was evident, with males exhibiting larger tooth dimensions and wider arches than females. The study concludes that dental crowding is primarily attributable to increased tooth size rather than reduced arch dimensions, confirming tooth size–arch size discrepancy as the principal etiological factor. Arch width plays a secondary role, with variations influenced by gender. These findings highlight the importance of individualized and gender-sensitive orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.