Reducing Radiation Exposure in Diagnostic Imaging: The Case for Lead-Protective PPE

Abstract

Background: The significance of radiological protection in healthcare is unquestionable. Exposure to ionising radiation can cause biological damage to tissues and cells, potentially leading to serious illnesses. Therefore, radiation doses must be kept as low as reasonably achievable without compromising diagnostic or therapeutic quality. Aims: Occupational exposure to ionising radiation poses a significant health risk to professionals working in diagnostic imaging. This study addresses the importance of using lead-protective Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), such as aprons, glasses, and thyroid shields, in preventing stochastic and deterministic effects, including cancer, cataracts, and tissue necrosis. To analyse how the proper use of lead PPE contributes to reducing radiation risks among healthcare professionals in radiological environments. Methodology: The research consisted of a qualitative literature review, with a careful selection of articles published between 2013 and 2023 from databases such as BVS, LILACS, MEDLINE, and SciELO. Only full-text articles in Portuguese and English were included, excluding editorials and duplicates. Results and Discussion: The reviewed studies show that the correct use of PPE can reduce the radiation dose received by up to 90%. However, many professionals still work without proper training or effective exposure monitoring. Additionally, the weight of lead aprons can cause discomfort and postural issues, which highlights the need for ergonomic considerations when choosing protective equipment. Conclusion: Radiological protection should be seen as both an ethical and institutional responsibility. Investments in continuous education, safety policies, regulatory oversight, and modern PPE are essential to preserving the health of radiology professionals. These efforts must align with the principles of justification, optimisation, and dose limitation to ensure a safer and more sustainable work environment.