Selected Forest Resources and Their Role in Traditional Healthcare Delivery in Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Forests and vegetation resources form a critical background for human sustenance by supplying timber, non-timber products, and essential ecological support. They also provide a wide variety of medicinal plants that are fundamental to primary healthcare practices. In a country like Nigeria, the use of forest resources as medicinal plants for the management of ill health remains a major type of healthcare system among a section of the populace, especially rural dwellers. Aim: The current study investigates traditional healthcare delivery and their reliance on forest resources for the treatment and management of ailments. The essence is to emphases the need for forest conservation in Nigeria by investigating common types of medicinal plants in Nigeria and their perceived effectiveness compared to conventional medicine. Study Design: The current research employed a cross-sectional questionnaire survey carried out in two urban markets (Lagos and Abuja). Place and Duration of Study: Data were collected between January and May in the two cities.  Methodology: The study employed a mixed method approach. One hundred and twenty (120) questionnaires were administered in two large markets across the country. The markets were purposively selected in two big cities where residents come from across the country. Results: Data showed that 79% used medicinal plants as a result of affordability (65%) and accessibility (17%). The most commonly used medicinal plants include Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygdalina), Pawpaw Leaf (Carica papaya), Sour Sop (Annona muricata), Scent Leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) and Dogon Yaro (Azadirachta indica). Illnesses most treated with herbs are ulcers, diabetes, malaria, digestive disorders and hypertension. Respondents were of the opinion that medicinal plants were effective for treatment. The study showed the importance of preserving the natural environment for enhanced healthcare delivery. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a need to develop policies and strategies for the protection of forest ecosystems to safeguard the constant supply of medicinal plants and related traditional practices.