Yield Performance and Adaptability of Open Pollinated Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties at Dollo-ado District, Somali Region, Ethiopia

Abstract

This study was conducted during the 2022 and 2023 cropping seasons to evaluate the adaptability and yield performance of improved open-pollinated maize varieties under the agro-climatic conditions of Dolo Ado, Somali Region, Ethiopia. The objective was to identify high-performing varieties suitable for the region’s dryland farming systems. Five improved maize varieties—BOS20WI, BOS20Y1, Afan Qallo, Baate, and Raare—were tested using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. All the varieties were planted with inter row spacing was 75 cm and intra row spacing of 25 cm. Data were collected on key phenological, morphological, and yield-related traits, including days to 50% emergence, tasseling, silking, 90% maturity, plant height, number of ears per plant, ear length, grain yield, and above-ground dry biomass yield. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant varietal effects on tasseling, maturity, and plant height, and highly significant differences in silking, grain yield, and biomass yield. Seasonal variation significantly influenced tasseling, ear length, grain yield, and biomass yield, while the interaction between variety and season showed highly significant effects on ear length, grain yield, and biomass yield. Among the varieties, Raare had the longest maturity period (89.33 days), Baate exhibited the tallest plants (167.8 cm) and highest grain yield (2,173 kg/ha), BOS20Y1 produced the longest ears (26.07 cm), and BOS20WI achieved the highest dry biomass yield (7,130 kg/ha). These results highlight substantial genetic variability and adaptation potential among the tested varieties. The Baate variety is recommended for wider adoption in Dolo Ado and similar agro-ecological zones due to its superior grain yield. Effective seed dissemination and targeted extension services are essential to boost productivity. These findings offer valuable guidance for researchers, development practitioners, and policymakers aiming to enhance maize production in arid and semi-arid regions. Future research should prioritize multi-location trials and integrated crop management strategies to ensure sustainable maize cultivation in dryland environments.