Dietary Intake of Pregnant Women Accessing Primary Health Care Services in Ogun State, Nigeria: A Rural–Urban Comparison

Abstract

Objectives: Poor maternal nutrition in pregnancy leads to increased morbidity and negative pregnancy outcomes. This study compares the dietary intake of pregnant women accessing rural and urban primary health centres in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was carried out among 360 rural and 360 urban women accessing antenatal care at selected primary health centres, in Ogun State, using multi-stage sampling technique. Data was collected using semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaires and 24-hour dietary recall forms. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 15.00 and total dietary intake software. Relevant inferential statistics were calculated Results: Over 50% of respondents in both rural and urban locations were aged between 26 and 33 years. The mean intake of most nutrients was significantly higher (p<0.05) among the rural women than their urban counterparts, except for Vitamin A, Zinc and Iron. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the pattern of vegetable consumption between the rural and urban respondents. The types of snacks consumed were significantly different (p=0.032), but there was no difference (p=0.652) in frequency of snack consumption between both groups. More urban women took micronutrient supplements routinely. Conclusions: The rural women had higher nutrient consumption compared to their urban counterparts. Continuous nutrition education will go a long way in ensuring adequate nutrient intake among pregnant women.