Soil Moisture, Reservoir, and Groundwater Interactions: Managing Water Sustainability in South Singbhum

Abstract

Background: The South Singbhum region is dependent on reservoirs and groundwater for agricultural, domestic, and industrial utility. However, considerable changes in water storage and utilization patterns present obstacles to long-term water management. Aims: This research examines the groundwater, surface water and soil moisture data and recommend measures for ensuring equitable and long-term water resource sustainability in the region. Study Design:  This study uses a quantitative research design to analyze reservoir storage, groundwater utilization and soil moisture data from the South Singbhum region during a two-year timeframe. Statistical and comparative tools are used to figure out patterns, fluctuations, and stress zones in water resources, shedding information on the region's water management concerns and potential solutions. Place and Duration of Study: South Singhbhum Craton region in Odisha is extended between latitude  to  and longitude  to . The area spread over  on 45 blocks of Eight district in Odisha. Methodology: It entails gathering monthly data on reservoir storage levels, soil moisture and groundwater consumption from several areas in the South Singbhum region, followed by statistical analysis to determine trends and changes. Also, the study assesses the effects of various water management strategies across districts and their consequences for sustainable water usage through comparative analysis. Results: The findings show large changes in water storage across the Baitarani (Salandi), Baitarani-Brahmani, and Brahmani (Rengali) reservoirs, with noticeable seasonal declines, particularly in early 2021. Groundwater consumption varies greatly between districts, with some areas relying heavily on groundwater for irrigation and others having more balanced usage patterns. The soil moisture data from the three basins showed consistent seasonal peaks during the monsoon months, with the highest moisture levels in August and September, and notable decreases in the dry months These findings emphasize the importance of adapted water management techniques to address both storage variations and groundwater sustainability in the region. Conclusion: The South Singbhum region has major issues in water resource management because to variations in reservoir storage and groundwater utilization among districts. To maintain long-term water supply, it is critical to develop effective water management measures such as enhanced irrigation infrastructure and groundwater recharge methods. Future research should focus on improving prediction models and mitigating the effects of climate change on water supplies.