Spatial Analysis of Nutritional and Health Inequalities among Adolescents in Kumbakonam Taluk, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Objective: The study aims to assess the nutritional and health status of adolescents aged 13 to 19 in Kumbakonam taluk. it focuses on understanding how wealth, calorie intake, calorie expenditure, and health outcomes vary across different regions, and to identify the socioeconomic and spatial factors behind these disparities. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2016–2017 with 2,790 adolescents (1,395 boys and 1,395 girls) from 93 panchayat villages, selected through stratified random sampling. data were collected using a structured questionnaire. daily gross calorie intake, calorie expenditure, and net calorie retention were calculated. wealth and health indices were developed based on income, education, occupation, body mass index (BMI), and calorie balance. spatial analysis and Z-score classification were used to map regional differences. Findings: The study found clear regional and gender-based differences in nutrition and health. most adolescents were in the medium range for calorie intake and retention, but many—especially boys—had poor health. wealthier areas showed better health outcomes, while poorer regions had lower calorie intake and more health problems. spatial mapping revealed clusters of both undernutrition and overnutrition. There is a need for targeted, area-specific health and nutrition programs to address the diverse needs of adolescents and reduce inequalities in Kumbakonam taluk.