Molecular Characterization of Campylobcter Isolates from Slaughter Slabs in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

Abstract

Objectives: Characterization of 195 Campylobacter isolates from chicken meat and environment samples from slaughter slabs in Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria was performed to detect resistance and virulence genes and genetic relatedness of the Campylobacter species. Methods: Isolates identified using culture methods were confirmed for genus and specie level by multiplex PCR. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were detected molecularly, and phylogenetic analysis was conducted using MEGA X to assess the genetic relatedness of the isolates. Results: Campylobacter jejuni =10.7% and Campylobacter coli =3.6% were identified by multiplex PCR. Among the 12 molecularly characterized isolates, 10 carried the tetO gene (tetracycline resistance), 9 carried the 23S rRNA gene (macrolide resistance), and 7 carried the gyrA gene (fluoroquinolone resistance).  Phylogenetic analysis showed five major clusters, indicating genetic diversity and wide geographical distribution of the isolates. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlights the presence of multidrug-resistant and potentially virulent Campylobacter species in chicken and environmental samples from slaughter slabs in Jos. The detection of resistance genes such as tetO, 23S rRNA, and gyrA underscores the threat posed by antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter in poultry meat These findings underscore the need for improved hygiene practices, rational antibiotic use in poultry production, and enhanced surveillance systems to prevent the spread of resistant and pathogenic Campylobacter strains to humans.